12.01.2025 
Life in Spain through the eyes of foreigners often looks like a series of sunny days on the coast, delicious food, and warm communication. However, upon closer examination of this country, it turns out that along with the obvious advantages, there are serious difficulties that may influence the decision to relocate. In this article, we will examine the pros and cons of Spain from the perspective of an immigrant, address the specifics of buying property, discuss how to obtain a residence permit (VNZh), and analyze the main aspects of employment and integration.
Pros of Living in Spain
Pleasant Climate and Variety of Regions
One of the main advantages that foreigners point out is the climate. In Andalusia, mild and warm weather prevails for most of the year, which attracts many people tired of cold winters. In Catalonia, especially in Barcelona and coastal areas, there are also plenty of sunny days, but the climate can be more humid. Madrid, located in the central part, is characterized by hot summers and cool winters, while the north of Spain (for example, the Basque Country) experiences rainy and cooler seasons.
Thus, anyone planning to immigrate to Spain can choose a region with suitable weather conditions.
Relatively Low Cost of Living
For residents of other Western European countries, the prices of food, restaurants, and many services in Spain seem lower. Seasonal work allows many foreigners to "earn" money here and still live quite comfortably. This is especially noticeable away from major cities – in small municipalities or coastal towns.
The cost of living, including utilities, food, and transportation, is significantly lower in a number of regions of Spain than in some EU countries. At the same time, in large cities such as Madrid or Barcelona, expenses will be higher, but the level of salaries is usually higher as well.
Wide Opportunities for Leisure and Travel
Spain is famous for its beaches, ski resorts, and diverse nature. Outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy surfing in the Basque Country, hiking in the Sierra Nevada, lazy days on the Costa del Sol, or walks along the Costa Blanca. In addition, it is convenient to travel throughout Europe from Spain thanks to developed air connections and affordable low-cost airlines.
Hospitality and Culture
Despite some regional differences in mentality, most Spaniards are friendly to foreigners. In major tourist centers, the level of English is often higher, which simplifies the initial adaptation period. A rich cultural life – flamenco, bullfighting (which many consider controversial entertainment), holidays, and carnivals – makes life in Spain vibrant and unique.
Rich Opportunities for Health and Sports
The mild climate and abundance of fresh produce promote a healthy lifestyle. The famous "Mediterranean diet" with olive oil and seafood is often mentioned by nutritionists as one of the healthiest in the world. And the proximity of the coast and mountains creates ideal conditions for running, swimming, yoga, or trekking.
Cons of Living in Spain
Limited Labor Market and Low Salaries
Despite the development of many industries, finding work in Spain is sometimes difficult. The unemployment rate is one of the highest in the EU, and seasonal work is more in demand in the tourism and agriculture sectors. Salaries in many areas remain low, which is especially noticeable for foreigners planning to save money or support a family.
In addition, the requirements for applicants are often high – even for a restaurant assistant position, experience may be required. At the same time, knowledge of Spanish is almost always mandatory. In Madrid and Barcelona, there are more opportunities, but the competition among locals and newcomers is also serious.
Spanish Bureaucracy
The processes of obtaining permits, certificates, and registration in government institutions can be lengthy. Any error in the documents can lead to repeated visits to the authorities. This also applies to the healthcare system: to see a specialist in a public clinic, you often have to wait several weeks, or even months.
The complexities of bureaucracy also manifest themselves when renting housing: owners often require proof of legal income, a substantial deposit, or payment for several months in advance.
High Property Prices in Major Cities
Property in Spain, especially in coastal areas and in the historic districts of Madrid or Barcelona, can be quite expensive compared to the relatively low average salary. This applies to both buying and renting. Finding a decent apartment in Barcelona or Madrid often turns into a marathon with many requirements from owners and high competition among tenants. On the coast, for example in Marbella or Alicante, prices for a good house near the sea are also high.
Difficulties with Learning the Language
Spanish, although considered one of the relatively easy languages to learn, still requires time and practice. At first, communication in English helps only in tourist regions, but in government institutions and medical facilities, a foreigner without basic Spanish will have a hard time. For employment, especially in offices, not only Castilian is needed, but sometimes also the regional language (Catalan, Basque), if we are talking about the corresponding autonomous communities.
Intense Heat and Lack of Central Heating
In the south of the country, from May to September, the temperature can exceed +35 °C, and in cities located far from the sea, the air can heat up to +40 °C. At the same time, in regions such as Andalusia, not all buildings are equipped with a traditional heating system for the winter, which sometimes makes the winter months quite chilly inside homes. If there is no air conditioner or heater, electricity bills in winter can be substantial.
Features of the Real Estate Market
Real estate in Spain constantly attracts the attention of both tourists and investors. In most regions, you can find housing of various levels – from inexpensive apartments in small towns to luxurious villas on the coast. However, a number of features complicate the buying process:
- High prices in cities with developed tourism (Barcelona, Madrid, Marbella, Alicante)
- Limited choice of long-term rentals in resort areas, as owners prefer short-term rentals to tourists
- The need to consider the risks of squatting, when unscrupulous tenants may stop paying and complicate the eviction process
- Complex bureaucratic system when formalizing transactions – document translations, verification in the property registry, and payment of taxes are required
Nevertheless, buying property in Spain continues to be one of the most popular ways of investing, especially considering the attractive mortgage programs (although interest rates are gradually rising) and the possibility of obtaining a “golden visa”.
How to Obtain a Residence Permit in Spain
Obtaining a residence permit in Spain can happen through several scenarios. The most common options are:
- Student visa. Intended for those who have been admitted to a Spanish university or language courses lasting more than 3 months.
- Non-Lucrative Residence Permit. Requires proof of income from abroad or sufficiently large savings.
- Investor Residence Permit (“golden visa”). When buying property worth 500 thousand euros or more or making other large investments.
- Digital Nomad. Allows you to reside in the country while working remotely for a foreign employer.
- Work visa. Granted if you have a contract with a Spanish employer who confirms the inability to hire an EU resident for such a position.
Each route involves collecting an extensive package of documents. The main difficulty is Spanish bureaucracy: it often takes a lot of time to process applications, additional verification, and clarifications. Therefore, specialists recommend preparing for submission in advance and carefully following the instructions.
Conclusion
For foreigners, Spain is an attractive country due to its mild climate, affordable prices (compared to other Western European countries), quality healthcare, and diverse leisure activities. At the same time, there are also serious obstacles: high unemployment, difficulties in finding suitable housing, expensive real estate in tourist centers, complicated procedures for obtaining a residence permit, and abundant bureaucracy.
If you are ready to learn Spanish, respect local traditions, and have sufficient financial resources or an in-demand profession, then life in Spain may meet your expectations. However, to achieve success and harmonious integration, time, careful planning, and persistence in solving emerging administrative issues will be required. Only then will the sunny beaches, vibrant festivals, and famous Mediterranean cuisine become not just a tourist impression, but part of your everyday reality.
